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Peru is located in the central and western part of South America (UTM N7970840.422; E552505.422; ZONE 18). It is made up of a territory with a continental surface of 1,285,216.60 km², which represents 0.87% of the planet, which is distributed in the coastal region 136,232.85 km² (10.6%), Andean region 404,842.91 km² ( 31.5%) and the Amazon region 754,139.84 km² (57.9%); The northern end of the Peruvian territory is the Putumayo river at 0 ° 02'00 "south latitude, the southern end is on the seashore in Tacna (La Concordia point) at 18 ° 21'03" south latitude; the eastern end is in the Heath River in Madre de Dios at 68 ° 39'00 "east longitude and the western end is in Caleta Punta Balcones in Pariñas, Talara, Piura at 81 ° 19'35".
The Peruvian Sea or Mar de Grau is the part of the Pacific Ocean that extends along the Peruvian coast for an area of 3080 km.1 and a width of 200 miles out to sea. Its great fish wealth is the result of the Humboldt and El Niño marine currents. Its sovereign sea has a maritime area of 991,194.97 km², being a country with great hydrological potential.
The highest peak in Peru is Huascarán in the Cordillera Blanca, with a height of 6768 meters above sea level; the lowest area is the Sechura depression at -34 m.b.n.m .; the deepest valley is the Cotahuasi canyon, even surpassing the famous Colorado canyon; The longest river in Peru is the Ucayali River (a tributary of the Amazon River with 1771 km in length; the highest navigable lake in the world is Lake Titicaca in Puno / Peru with 8380 km² and the largest island on the Peruvian coast is Isla San Lorenzo in Callao, with 16.48 km², is the third largest country in South America.
Geologically, Peru is a young country in much of its territory. 42% of its surface, the Andean system and the coast, arose in the Mesozoic Era, 130 to 65 million years ago, as a result of the tectonic upheavals caused by the subduction of the Nazca plate in the South American plate.
It rises on a territory affected by subduction of the Nazca oceanic plate under the South American continental. The intensity of the clash between the two masses produced, from the Tertiary Era, the Andes mountain range, a spectacular and practically
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