Question

Factores de riesgo que inciden en la adaptación de la especie migratoria

Answer 1

Explicación:

ᴍɪɢʀᴀᴄɪÓɴ ʏ ᴇᴍɪɢʀᴀᴄɪÓɴ

ᴅᴇ ᴇꜱᴘᴇᴄɪᴇꜱ

ᴘᴏʀ Áʟᴠᴀʀᴏ ᴍᴀᴅʀɪɢᴀʟ

ʟᴀ ᴍɪɢʀᴀᴄɪóɴ ʏ ʟᴀ ᴇᴍɪɢʀᴀᴄɪóɴ ꜱᴏɴ ᴅᴏꜱ ꜰᴏʀᴍᴀꜱ ᴅᴇ ᴅɪꜱᴘᴇʀꜱɪóɴ:

ʟᴀ ᴘʀɪᴍᴇʀᴀ ꜱᴇ ᴇꜱᴛᴀʙʟᴇᴄᴇ ᴘᴏʀ ꜱᴜ ᴇꜱᴛᴀᴄɪᴏɴᴀʟɪᴅᴀᴅ, ʟᴀ ꜱᴇɢᴜɴᴅᴀ

ᴇꜱ ᴜɴ ᴠɪᴀᴊᴇ ꜱɪɴ ʀᴇᴛᴏʀɴᴏ; ᴀᴍʙᴀꜱ ᴇɴ ʙᴜꜱᴄᴀ ᴅᴇ ᴛᴇʀʀɪᴛᴏʀɪᴏꜱ óᴘᴛɪ-

ᴍᴏꜱ ᴘᴀʀᴀ ʟᴀ ꜱᴏʙʀᴇᴠɪᴠᴇɴᴄɪᴀ ᴅᴇ ꜱᴜꜱ ᴇꜱᴘᴇᴄɪᴇꜱ. ʟᴀꜱ ᴅᴏꜱ ꜱᴏɴ ᴍᴜʏ

ɪᴍᴘᴏʀᴛᴀɴᴛᴇꜱ ᴘᴀʀᴀ ᴇʟ ᴘʀᴏᴄᴇꜱᴏ ᴇᴠᴏʟᴜᴛɪᴠᴏ, ᴇꜱᴘᴇᴄɪᴀʟᴍᴇɴᴛᴇ ᴇɴ ʟᴏ

Qᴜᴇ ꜱᴇ ʀᴇꜰɪᴇʀᴇ ᴀ ʟᴀ ᴇꜱᴛᴀʙɪʟɪᴅᴀᴅ ᴅᴇ ʟᴏꜱ ᴇᴄᴏꜱɪꜱᴛᴇᴍᴀꜱ ʏ ᴅᴇ ʟᴀꜱ

ᴇꜱᴘᴇᴄɪᴇꜱ. ʟᴏꜱ ᴅᴏꜱ ꜰᴇɴóᴍᴇɴᴏꜱ ᴇꜱᴛáɴ ᴇɴᴏʀᴍᴇᴍᴇɴᴛᴇ ᴀꜰᴇᴄᴛᴀ-

ᴅᴏꜱ ᴘᴏʀ ʟᴏꜱ ɢʀᴀᴠᴇꜱ ᴘʀᴏʙʟᴇᴍᴀꜱ ᴀᴍʙɪᴇɴᴛᴀʟᴇꜱ Qᴜᴇ ʜᴀ ɢᴇɴᴇʀᴀ-

ᴅᴏ ᴇʟ ꜱᴇʀ ʜᴜᴍᴀɴᴏ; ᴀᴄᴛᴜᴀʟᴍᴇɴᴛᴇ ᴇʟ ᴄᴀᴍʙɪᴏ ᴄʟɪᴍáᴛɪᴄᴏ ᴇꜱ ᴇʟ

ꜰᴀᴄᴛᴏʀ Qᴜᴇ ᴀᴍᴇɴᴀᴢᴀ ᴄᴏɴ ᴇʟɪᴍɪɴᴀʀ ᴍᴜᴄʜᴏꜱ ᴅᴇ ʟᴏꜱ ᴘʀᴏᴄᴇꜱᴏꜱ

ᴍɪɢʀᴀᴛᴏʀɪᴏꜱ ʏ, ᴀ ʟᴀ ᴠᴇᴢ, ᴄᴀᴛᴀʟɪᴢᴀʀ ɴᴜᴇᴠᴏꜱ ᴘʀᴏᴄᴇꜱᴏꜱ ᴇᴍɪɢʀᴀᴛᴏ-

ʀɪᴏꜱ. ᴇꜱᴛᴏ ʟʟᴇᴠᴀʀá ᴀ ʀᴇᴇꜱᴛʀᴜᴄᴛᴜʀᴀʀ ʟᴏꜱ ᴇᴄᴏꜱɪꜱᴛᴇᴍᴀꜱ ʏ ꜱᴜꜱ ᴅɪɴá-

ᴍɪᴄᴀꜱ, ʏ ɴᴏꜱ ᴇɴꜰʀᴇɴᴛᴀʀá ᴀ ᴜɴᴀ ᴇxᴛɪɴᴄɪóɴ ᴍᴀꜱɪᴠᴀ ᴅᴇ ᴇꜱᴘᴇᴄɪᴇꜱ.

ʀᴇꜱᴜᴍᴇɴ

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ᴇʟ ᴀᴜᴛᴏʀ, ʙɪóʟᴏɢᴏ ᴍᴀʀɪɴᴏ ʏ ᴍᴜꜱᴇóʟᴏɢᴏ, ᴇꜱ ᴘʀᴏꜰᴇꜱᴏʀ ᴇɴ ʟᴀ ᴜɴɪ-

ᴠᴇʀꜱɪᴅᴀᴅ ɴᴀᴄɪᴏɴᴀʟ.

ʟᴀ ɴᴀᴛᴜʀᴀʟᴇᴢᴀ ᴛɪᴇɴᴇ ᴜɴᴀ ᴅɪɴáᴍɪᴄᴀ ꜱɪᴍᴘʟᴇ ᴇɴ ꜱᴜ

ꜰᴜɴᴄɪᴏɴᴀᴍɪᴇɴᴛᴏ; ꜱɪɴ ᴇᴍʙᴀʀɢᴏ, ᴀʟ ꜱᴇʀ ʜᴜᴍᴀɴᴏ ʟᴇ

ʀᴇꜱᴜʟᴛᴀ ᴅɪꜰíᴄɪʟ ꜱᴜ ᴄᴏᴍᴘʀᴇɴꜱɪóɴ. ꜱɪᴍᴘʟᴇ, ᴘᴏʀQᴜᴇ

ᴇʟʟᴀ ᴍɪꜱᴍᴀ ᴇꜱᴛᴀʙʟᴇᴄᴇ ᴜɴ ᴇQᴜɪʟɪʙʀɪᴏ ᴅɪɴáᴍɪᴄᴏ, ᴅᴏɴᴅᴇ

ᴄᴀᴅᴀ ᴘᴀʀᴛᴇ ᴄᴜᴍᴘʟᴇ ꜱᴜ ꜰᴜɴᴄɪóɴ ʏ ꜰᴏʀᴍᴀ ᴜɴ ꜱɪꜱᴛᴇᴍᴀ ᴏʀ-

ɢáɴɪᴄᴏ ᴘᴇʀꜰᴇᴄᴛᴏ Qᴜᴇ ᴘᴇʀᴍɪᴛᴇ ᴇʟ ᴅᴇꜱᴀʀʀᴏʟʟᴏ ᴅᴇ ʟᴀ ᴠɪᴅᴀ

ᴇɴ ꜱᴜꜱ ᴍúʟᴛɪᴘʟᴇꜱ ᴍᴀɴɪꜰᴇꜱᴛᴀᴄɪᴏɴᴇꜱ. ᴅᴇɴᴛʀᴏ ᴅᴇ ᴇꜱᴛᴇ ᴍᴀ-

ᴄʀᴏꜱɪꜱᴛᴇᴍᴀ ᴛᴏᴅᴀꜱ ʟᴀꜱ ᴘᴀʀᴛᴇꜱ ꜱᴇ ʀᴇʟᴀᴄɪᴏɴᴀɴ, ʏ ꜱɪ ᴜɴ ᴇʟᴇ-

ᴍᴇɴᴛᴏ ᴅᴇꜱᴀᴘᴀʀᴇᴄᴇ ʟᴀ ɴᴀᴛᴜʀᴀʟᴇᴢᴀ ꜱᴏʟᴀ ꜱᴇ ᴇɴᴄᴀʀɢᴀ ᴅᴇ

ʀᴇᴇᴍᴘʟᴀᴢᴀʀʟᴏ.

ᴀ ᴛʀᴀᴠéꜱ ᴅᴇ ᴅɪꜱᴄɪᴘʟɪɴᴀꜱ ᴄᴏᴍᴏ ʟᴀ ɢᴇɴéᴛɪᴄᴀ, ʟᴀ ᴇᴄᴏʟᴏ-

ɢíᴀ ʏ ʟᴀ ʙɪᴏɢᴇᴏɢʀᴀꜰíᴀ, ᴇɴᴛʀᴇ ᴏᴛʀᴀꜱ, ʜᴇᴍᴏꜱ ɪᴅᴏ ᴄᴏᴍᴘʀᴇɴ-

ᴅɪᴇɴᴅᴏ ᴄᴀᴅᴀ ᴠᴇᴢ ᴍáꜱ ʟᴏꜱ ᴅɪꜰᴇʀᴇɴᴛᴇꜱ ᴍᴇᴄᴀɴɪꜱᴍᴏꜱ ʏ ʀᴇ-

ʟᴀᴄɪᴏɴᴇꜱ Qᴜᴇ ᴇꜱᴛᴀʙʟᴇᴄᴇɴ ʟᴏꜱ ꜱᴇʀᴇꜱ ᴠɪᴠᴏꜱ ᴇɴᴛʀᴇ ꜱí ʏ ᴄᴏɴ

ꜱᴜ ᴍᴇᴅɪᴏ, ᴘᴀʀᴀ ᴍᴀɴᴛᴇɴᴇʀ ᴜɴ ᴏʀᴅᴇɴ Qᴜᴇ ᴘᴇʀᴍɪᴛᴀ ʟᴀ ꜱᴏ-

ʙʀᴇᴠɪᴠᴇɴᴄɪᴀ ᴅᴇ ᴛᴏᴅᴀꜱ ʟᴀꜱ ᴇꜱᴘᴇᴄɪᴇꜱ. ᴅᴇᴘʀᴇᴅᴀᴄɪóɴ, ᴄᴏᴍ-

ᴘᴇᴛᴇɴᴄɪᴀ, ᴍᴜᴛᴜᴀʟɪꜱᴍᴏ ʏ ᴘᴀʀᴀꜱɪᴛɪꜱᴍᴏ ꜱᴏɴ ᴀʟɢᴜɴᴀꜱ ᴅᴇ ᴇꜱ-

ᴛᴀꜱ ʀᴇʟᴀᴄɪᴏɴᴇꜱ Qᴜᴇ ᴘᴇʀᴍɪᴛᴇɴ ʟᴏɢʀᴀʀ ᴇʟ ᴇQᴜɪʟɪʙʀɪᴏ ᴅᴇ ʟᴏꜱ

ᴇᴄᴏꜱɪꜱᴛᴇᴍᴀꜱ ʏ ɢᴇɴᴇʀᴀɴ, ᴀᴅᴇᴍáꜱ, ᴇʟ ᴇꜱᴘᴀᴄɪᴏ ᴠɪᴛᴀʟ ᴘᴀʀᴀ

ᴄᴀᴅᴀ ᴇꜱᴘᴇᴄɪᴇ. ᴇɴ ᴛᴏᴅᴏ ɢʀᴜᴘᴏ ᴇxɪꜱᴛᴇ ʟᴀ ɴᴇᴄᴇꜱɪᴅᴀᴅ ᴅᴇ ᴛᴇ-

ɴᴇʀ ᴜɴ ʟᴜɢᴀʀ ᴘᴀʀᴀ ᴠɪᴠɪʀ, ᴅᴇ ᴘʀᴏᴄʀᴇᴀʀꜱᴇ ʏ ᴀʟɪᴍᴇɴᴛᴀʀꜱᴇ;

ᴀʟɢᴜɴᴏꜱ ꜱᴏɴ ᴀᴜᴛᴏꜱᴜꜰɪᴄɪᴇɴᴛᴇꜱ ʏ ᴘᴜᴇᴅᴇɴ ᴄʀᴇᴀʀ ꜱᴜ ᴘʀᴏᴘɪᴏ

ᴀʟɪᴍᴇɴᴛᴏ, ᴏᴛʀᴏꜱ ᴅᴇʙᴇɴ ᴏʙᴛᴇɴᴇʀʟᴏ ᴅᴇ ᴏᴛʀᴀꜱ ꜰᴜᴇɴᴛᴇꜱ.

Éꜱᴛᴇ ᴇꜱ ᴘʀᴏʙᴀʙʟᴇᴍᴇɴᴛᴇ ᴇʟ ꜱᴇᴄʀᴇᴛᴏ ᴅᴇʟ éxɪᴛᴏ ᴘᴀʀᴀ ʟᴀ

ꜱᴏʙʀᴇᴠɪᴠᴇɴᴄɪᴀ: ¿ᴅóɴᴅᴇ ʏ ᴄóᴍᴏ ᴏʙᴛᴇɴᴇʀ ᴇʟ ᴀʟɪᴍᴇɴᴛᴏ?;

¿ᴅóɴᴅᴇ ᴀᴘᴀʀᴇᴀʀꜱᴇ ᴅᴇ ᴍᴀɴᴇʀᴀ Qᴜᴇ ᴛᴀᴍʙɪéɴ ᴇxɪꜱᴛᴀ ᴀʟɪ-

ᴍᴇɴᴛᴏ ꜱᴜꜰɪᴄɪᴇɴᴛᴇ ᴘᴀʀᴀ ʟᴀꜱ ᴄʀíᴀꜱ? ɴᴏ ᴇxɪꜱᴛᴇ ᴜɴ ʟᴜɢᴀʀ ᴏ

ᴜɴᴀ ꜰᴏʀᴍᴀ ᴅᴇ ᴏʙᴛᴇɴᴇʀ ᴇʟ ᴀʟɪᴍᴇɴᴛᴏ ɪɢᴜᴀʟᴇꜱ ᴘᴀʀᴀ ᴛᴏᴅᴀꜱ

ʟᴀꜱ ᴇꜱᴘᴇᴄɪᴇꜱ; ᴄɪᴇʀᴛᴀꜱ ʟɪᴍɪᴛᴀᴄɪᴏɴᴇꜱ ᴄᴏɴᴛʀᴏʟᴀɴ ᴇꜱᴛᴀ ᴘᴏꜱɪ-

ʙɪʟɪᴅᴀᴅ. ᴄᴀᴅᴀ ᴇꜱᴘᴇᴄɪᴇ ꜱᴇ ᴀᴅᴀᴘᴛᴀ ᴀ ᴜɴ ᴛɪᴘᴏ ᴅᴇ ᴄᴀʀᴀᴄᴛᴇ-

ʀíꜱᴛɪᴄᴀꜱ ꜰíꜱɪᴄᴀꜱ, Qᴜíᴍɪᴄᴀꜱ ʏ ʙɪᴏʟóɢɪᴄᴀꜱ ᴅᴇᴛᴇʀᴍɪɴᴀᴅᴀꜱ,

ꜰᴜᴇʀᴀ ᴅᴇ ʟᴀꜱ ᴄᴜᴀʟᴇꜱ ꜱᴜ ꜱᴜᴘᴇʀᴠɪᴠᴇɴᴄɪᴀ ᴇꜱ ɪᴍᴘᴏꜱɪʙʟᴇ. ᴀʟ-

ɢᴜɴᴏꜱ ɢʀᴜᴘᴏꜱ ʜᴀɴ ʟᴏɢʀᴀᴅᴏ ᴇɴᴄᴏɴᴛʀᴀʀ ʟᴀ ʀᴇɢɪóɴ Qᴜᴇ ᴅᴜ-

ʀᴀɴᴛᴇ ᴛᴏᴅᴏ ᴇʟ ᴀñᴏ ʟᴇꜱ ᴘʀᴏᴘᴏʀᴄɪᴏɴᴀ ᴀʟɪᴍᴇɴᴛᴏ, ꜱᴜꜰɪᴄɪᴇɴ-

ᴛᴇ ᴘᴀʀᴀ ᴇʟʟᴏꜱ ʏ ꜱᴜ ᴘʀᴏɢᴇɴɪᴇ. ᴏᴛʀᴏꜱ, ꜱɪɴ ᴇᴍʙᴀʀɢᴏ, ɴᴏ

ʜᴀɴ ᴇɴᴄᴏɴᴛʀᴀᴅᴏ ᴛᴀʟᴇꜱ ʙᴇɴᴇꜰɪᴄɪᴏꜱ, ᴘᴏʀ ʟᴏ Qᴜᴇ ᴅᴇʙᴇɴ

ᴠɪᴀᴊᴀʀ ᴀ ᴏᴛʀᴏꜱ ꜱɪᴛɪᴏꜱ. ꜱɪ ᴇꜱᴛᴇ ᴠɪᴀᴊᴇ ꜱᴇ ᴇᴊᴇᴄᴜᴛᴀ ꜱɪɴ ʀᴇᴛᴏʀ-

ɴᴏ ᴀʟ ʟᴜɢᴀʀ ᴅᴇ ᴏʀɪɢᴇɴ, ꜱᴇ ʟᴇ ʟʟᴀᴍᴀ ᴇᴍɪɢʀᴀᴄɪóɴ; ᴇɴ ᴄᴀᴍʙɪᴏ, ꜱɪ ᴇꜱ ᴅᴇ ɪᴅᴀ ʏ ᴠᴜᴇʟᴛᴀ, ꜱᴇ ʟᴇ ᴄᴏɴᴏᴄᴇ ᴄᴏᴍᴏ ᴍɪ-

ɢʀᴀᴄɪóɴ (ᴍᴀɪᴇʀ 2001).

ᴍɪɢʀᴀᴄɪᴏɴᴇꜱ ʏ ᴇᴍɪɢʀᴀᴄɪᴏɴᴇꜱ:

ᴅᴏꜱ ᴍᴇᴄᴀɴɪꜱᴍᴏꜱ ᴅᴇ ᴅɪꜱᴘᴇʀꜱɪóɴ

ʟᴀ ᴍɪɢʀᴀᴄɪóɴ ʏ ʟᴀ ᴇᴍɪɢʀᴀᴄɪóɴ ꜱᴏɴ ᴘᴀʀᴛᴇ ᴅᴇ ᴜɴ

ᴘʀᴏᴄᴇꜱᴏ ᴍᴀʏᴏʀ ʟʟᴀᴍᴀᴅᴏ ᴅɪꜱᴘᴇʀꜱɪóɴ, Qᴜᴇ ᴘᴇʀᴍɪᴛᴇ

ʀᴇɢᴜʟᴀʀ ᴇʟ ᴛᴀᴍᴀñᴏ ᴅᴇ ʟᴀꜱ ᴘᴏʙʟᴀᴄɪᴏɴᴇꜱ. ᴀᴍʙᴏꜱ ꜰᴇ-

ɴóᴍᴇɴᴏꜱ ᴄᴏɴᴛʀɪʙᴜʏᴇɴ ᴀ ᴀꜱᴇɢᴜʀᴀʀ ʟᴀ ꜱᴏʙʀᴇᴠɪᴠᴇɴ-

ᴄɪᴀ ᴅᴇ ʟᴀꜱ ᴇꜱᴘᴇᴄɪᴇꜱ ᴍáꜱ ᴀᴅᴀᴘᴛᴀᴅᴀꜱ —ʟᴏꜱ ᴍáꜱ ᴅé-

ʙɪʟᴇꜱ ꜱᴏɴ ᴅᴇꜱᴘʟᴀᴢᴀᴅᴏꜱ ᴏ ꜱᴇ ᴄᴏɴᴠɪᴇʀᴛᴇɴ ᴍáꜱ ꜰáᴄɪʟ-

ᴍᴇɴᴛᴇ ᴇɴ ᴘʀᴇꜱᴀ ᴅᴇ ʟᴏꜱ ᴅᴇᴘʀᴇᴅᴀᴅᴏʀᴇꜱ. ᴀꜱí, ᴜɴ áʀᴇᴀ

ᴅᴇᴛᴇʀᴍɪɴᴀᴅᴀ ꜱᴏʟᴏ ᴍᴀɴᴛᴇɴᴅʀá ᴇʟ ᴛᴀᴍᴀñᴏ ᴅᴇ ᴘᴏ-

ʙʟᴀᴄɪóɴ ᴘᴀʀᴀ ᴇʟ ᴄᴜᴀʟ ᴘᴜᴇᴅᴇ ᴘʀᴏᴠᴇᴇʀ ʀᴇᴄᴜʀꜱᴏꜱ ʏ ᴇꜱ-

ᴘᴀᴄɪᴏ ꜱᴜꜰɪᴄɪᴇɴᴛᴇꜱ, ʏ ᴇʟ ʀᴇꜱᴛᴏ ᴅᴇ ɪɴᴅɪᴠɪᴅᴜᴏꜱ ᴅᴇʙᴇʀá