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English is a West Germanic language that was first spoken in early medieval England and eventually became a global lingua franca.[4][5] It is named after the Angles, one of the ancient Germanic peoples that migrated to the area of Great Britain that later took their name, England. Both names derive from Anglia, a peninsula on the Baltic Sea. English is most closely related to Frisian and Low Saxon, while its vocabulary has been significantly influenced by other Germanic languages, particularly Old Norse (a North Germanic language), as well as Latin and French.[6][7][8]
English
Pronunciation
/ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/[1]
Region
British Isles (originally)
Worldwide
Ethnicity
Anglo-Saxons (historically)
Native speakers
360–400 million (2006)[2]
L2 speakers: 750 million;
as a foreign language: 600–700 million[2]
Language family
Indo-European
Germanic
West Germanic
Ingvaeonic
Anglo-Frisian
Anglic
English
Early forms
Old English
Middle English
Early Modern English
Writing system
Latin script (English alphabet)
Anglo Saxon runes (Historically)
English Braille, Unified English Braille
Signed forms
Manually coded English
(multiple systems)
Official status
Official language in
67 countries
27 non-sovereign entities
Various organisations
United Nations
European Union
Commonwealth of Nations
Council of Europe
ICC
IMF
IOC
ISO
NATO
WTO
NAFTA
OAS
OECD
OIC
OPEC
GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development
PIF
UKUSA Agreement
ASEAN
ASEAN Economic Community
SAARC
CARICOM
Turkic Council
ECO
Language codes
ISO 639-1
en
ISO 639-2
eng
ISO 639-3
eng
Glottolog
stan1293[3]
Linguasphere
52-ABA
Anglospeak (SVG version).svg
Regions where English is a majority native language
Regions where English is official but not a majority native language
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.
English has developed over the course of more than 1,400 years. The earliest forms of English, a group of West Germanic (Ingvaeonic) dialects brought to Great Britain by Anglo-Saxon settlers in the 5th century, are collectively called Old English. Middle English began in the late 11th century with the Norman conquest of England; this was a period in which English was influenced by Old French, in particular through its Old Norman dialect.[9][10] Early Modern English began in the late 15th century with the introduction of the printing press to London, the printing of the King James Bible and the start of the Great Vowel Shift.[11]