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"Mars is a joy of information", Miguel Ángel López Valverde, scientist specializing in the atmosphere of Mars of the Institute of Astrobiology of Andalusia (IAA). "It is the only planet that allows us to try to find out or decipher how the solar system's past was: on that planet there are 4,000 million years of evolution." The reasons are mainly two: it could give clues about the formation of the Earth and it is searched if there is or has had life, according to Alejandro Cardesín, expert in missions to Mars of the ESA during a round table at the headquarters of the agency in Spain Exploring the red planet is essential to know how the Earth formed and understand its mechanisms due to the similarities of both. The Earth is difficult to study because it is constantly changing due to the geological processes that occur, but Mars has barely changed in the last 3.5 billion years. "In addition, it is the only planet we could go to humans in the next 100 years, hence the interest," said Cardesín. "The other reason is astrobiology, that is, knowing if there is life." Mars and the Europa and Titan satellites are the most favorable candidates to host life or have had some time. "But by proximity it is where there is more chance that there is",
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No one would argue that our culture hasn’t become extremely, obsessively risk averse. Advancing technologies or space projects, such as new generations of space vehicles or life support systems, have increasingly been stalled or trapped in low Earth orbit by this risk-averse tendency. This aversion crosses many fields of endeavor today, even beyond space programs. It seems like the advance of many meaningful technologies, beyond smartphones or computers, has been confined to a period lasting just three decades after World War II. In that thirty-year period, humanity accomplished some truly astounding things in so many different sectors, including walking on the Moon.