Respuestas
1.
Alcanos: Formula general R-H
Alquenos: Fórmula general: R-CH=CH-R (CH2=CH2 eteno)
Alquinos: Fórmula general: R-C=-C-R (CH CH etino)
Aromáticos
Aldehídos: El grupo carbonilo es un carbón unido a oxigeno mediante un doble enlace(C=O). La fórmula general R - CHO
Cetonas: R – CO – R´
Alcoholes: grupo OH hidroxilo unido mediante un enlace simple a un carbono. Se representan en formula general como R-OH.
Éteres: fórmula general es R-O-R
Ácidos carboxílicos: R - COOH
Esteres: R-COOR
Amidas: R – CO-NH2
2. calcular moles n = m/Mm
Na: 32.38 g / 23 g/mol = 1.407 mol
S: 22.57 g / 32 g/mol = 0.705 mol
O: 45.05 g/ 16 g/mol = 2.816 mol
Dividir entre el menor de los resultados
Na: 1.407 mol / 0.705 mol = 2
S: 0.705 mol / 0.705 mol = 1
O: 2.816 mol / 0.705 mol = 4
Fórmula empírica (FE) = Na2SO4
Calcular la Mm de la FE
Na: 2 x 23 = 46 g/mol
S: 1 x 32 = 32 g/mol
O: 4 x 16 = 64 g/mol
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Mm = 142 g/mol
3. calcular moles
C: 49.5 g / 12 g/mol = 4.125 mol
H: 5.15 g /1 g/mol = 5.15 mol
N: 28.9 g/ 14 g/mol = 2.064 mol
O: 16.5 g / 16 g/mol = 1.031mol
Dividir
C: 4.125 mol / 1.031 mol = 4
H: 5.15 mol / 1.031 mol = 5
N: 2.064 mol / 1.031 mol = 2
O: 1.031 mol / 1.031 mol = 1
FE: C4H5N2O
Calcular Mm de la FE
C: 4 x 12 = 48 g/mol
H: 5 x 1 = 5 g/mol
N: 2 x 14 g/mol = 28 g/mol
O: 1 x 16 = 16 g/mol
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Mm= 97 g/mol
Calcula n = Mm compuesto/Mm FE
n = 194 g/mol / 97 g/mol
n = 2
Formula molecular: (C4H5N2O)2 = C8H10N4O2
4. Calcular moles
C: 73.969 g/ 12 g/mol = 6.164 mol
H: 8.6287 g / 1 = 8.6287 mol
N: 17.259 g / 14 g/mol = 1.232 mol
Dividir
C: 6.164 mol / 1.232 mol = 5
H: 8.6287 mol / 1.232 mol = 7
N: 1.232 mol / 1.232 mol = 1
FE: C5H7N
Calcular Mm FE
C: 5 x 12 = 60 g/mol
H: 7 x 1 = 7 g/mol
N: 1 x 14 = 14 g/mol
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Mm = 81 g/mol
Calcular n = Mm compuesto /Mm FE
n = 162.23 g/mol / 81 g/mol
n = 2
FM: (C5H7N)2 = C10H14N2