Question

Pequeño resumen de lo que fue la revolucion inglesa

Answer 1

In 1603 Isabel I of England dies without descendants. James, son of Mary I of Scotland, rises to the throne as the first Stuart king of England, Scotland and Ireland. The political situation changes: his lack of tact with the Parliament due to his idea of ​​the divine right of kings leads to a long conflict that will worsen with the succession on the throne of his son Carlos I, whose absolutism caused him to maintain very tense relations during his reign with the English Parliament, which sought to control their arbitrary tax creations and their religious reformism. During this reign, there were two civil wars between the supporters of the king and those of Parliament. Carlos I was victim of the political radicalism being sentenced to death by high treason to the State in 1649.
First English Civil War (1642-1645)The confrontation between the parliamentary power and the real power was settled in favor of the first, moderating the king's absolutist policy and being controlled by Parliament. It was then that he approved numerous anti-absolutist laws. For example, the Court of the Starry Chamber was eliminated, the king's power to dissolve the parliament was withdrawn, and William Laud, archbishop of Canterbury and the Earl of Strafford, the king's great ally, was condemned to death.
Second English Civil War (1648-1649)Disputes between the supporters of King Charles I who was imprisoned by the parliamentary forces and those of the "Long Parliament" persisted. However, the few monarchical supports between the parliamentarians themselves ceased when the king escaped, allied with the Scots and unleashed civil war again in 1648. Cromwell suppressed a rebellion in Wales and defeated the Scots at Preston.
It was a chivalric war, that Oliver Cromwell ended up winning with his Battalion of the Saints (Ironsides), to the promonárquicos. The end of the confrontation supposed the judgment by high treason of the king and its later decapitation, having like consequence the proclamation of the unique republic in the English history.
Republic (1649-1660)The republic represented the aspirations of the bourgeoisie, of a puritan capitalist society. The policy will be largely imposed by commercial interests on the Government. It meant the triumph of the bourgeoisie, the acceptance of its morality, the principle that men have the right to do whatever they want with what is theirs, that the benefit of the capitalist is also the benefit of society.
Third English Civil War (1649-1651)Cromwell's first task during the Republic - proclaimed after the execution of Charles on January 30, 1649 - was the pacification of Ireland and Scotland against the royalist forces that supported the legitimate successor, the future Charles II of England. Its main objectives were to achieve stable government and tolerance for all Puritan sects.
Protectorate of the Cromwells (1653-1659)The need for the army to control the situation soon caused the Republic to become a military dictatorship commanded by Cromwell under intransigent puritanism. He abolished the House of Lords and focused his power on the army and the House of Commons. One of the most significant laws of this period were the Navigation Acts. Cromwell's success was due to the fact that he knew how to maintain peace and stability, and that he provided the necessary means for religious tolerance of non-Catholic groups. Because of this, the Jews, who had been expelled from England in 1390, were able to return in 1655. Cromwell's energetic foreign policy and the successes of the Army and Navy gave England great prestige abroad.
However, the political situation remained unstable, which confronted the Lord Protector with the restricted Parliament of the Protectorate, which tried to alter the principles of the written Constitution. In 1657 he accepted the Humble Petition and Council: petition to create a second parliamentary chamber and power to appoint his successor, but he did not accept the title of king. After the death of Oliver Cromwell in 1658 he was succeeded by his son, Richard Cromwell, who did not possess the charisma and leadership that his father, so he ended up resigning. Thus, the Long Parliament met and, under the impetus of General George Monck, Charles II was declared King of England, thus ending the Republic and restoring the monarchy.
Restoration of the Stuarts (1660-1688)In 1660, Charles II restored the monarchy and the Stuart dynasty in Britain, maintaining a relative tranquility after the end of the civil war.
Jacobo Estuardo (brother of Carlos II) happened to be lord supreme admiral of England. In 1672 Jacobo publicly announced his conversion to the Catholic faith in the midst of an anti-Catholic climate supported by Parliament and extended to society. The following year, the English Parliament passed the Test Act, whereby Catholics