• Asignatura: Inglés
  • Autor: salomerodri7
  • hace 8 meses

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What Is agriculture?

Agriculture is the practice of cultivating plants and livestock. Agriculture was the key development in the rise of

sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that enabled

people to live in cities. The history of agriculture began thousands of years ago. After gathering wild grains

beginning at least 105,000 years ago, nascent farmers began to plant them around 11,500 years ago. Pigs, sheep,

and cattle were domesticated over 10,000 years ago. Plants were independently cultivated in at least 11 regions

of the world. Industrial agriculture based on large-scale monoculture in the twentieth century came to dominate

agricultural output, though about 2 billion people still depended on subsistence agriculture.

Origins

The development of agriculture enabled the human population to grow many times larger than could be

sustained by hunting and gathering. Agriculture began independently in different parts of the globe, and included a diverse range of taxa, in at least 11 separate centres of origin. Wild grains were collected and eaten

from at least 105,000 years ago. From around 11,500 years ago, the eight Neolithic founder crops, emmer and

einkorn wheat, hulled barley, peas, lentils, bitter vetch, chick peas and flax were cultivated in the Levant. Rice was

domesticated in China between 11,500 and 6,200 BC with the earliest known cultivation from 5,700 BC,

followed by mung, soy and azuki beans. Sheep were domesticated in Mesopotamia between 13,000 and 11,000

years ago. Cattle were domesticated from the wild aurochs in the areas of modern Turkey and Pakistan some

10,500 years ago. Pig production emerged in Eurasia, including Europe, East Asia and Southwest Asia where

wild boar were first domesticated about 10,500 years ago

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