- Religion movements that result in people moving to a new country.
English is the most important language of wider communication in the world as the result of British
colonlal power in the nineteenth century and the first decades of the twentieth century and the leadership
of the USA in the twentieth century.
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al
English is also the main language of science and technology in the world and its spread is advancing
in many countries and regions where English has not been traditionally spoken English is also the main
language of popular culture and globalization as can be seen in advertising. Nowadays multilingualism
usually implies English and other languages. English has also been considered a threat for linguistic
diversity (Philipson, 1992).
SE
The spread of English has been visualized in terms of three circles representing the historical and
sociolinguistic profile of English in different parts of the world (Kachru, 1985). The inner circle includes the
countries that are traditionally considered the bases of English, where English is the first language for the
majority of the populations: UK, USA, Ireland, Canada, New Zealand, Australia. Nevertheless, English is not
the only language spoken in these countries because it is in contact with heritage languages or languages
that are spoken as the result of immigration.
C
The outer circle includes those countries where English is not the first language of the majority
of the population but English is a second language that is used at the institutional level as the result of
colonization. The expanding circle includes those countries where English has no official status and is
taught as a foreign language
С C
The contact between English and other languages
in the three circles and the spread of English in the outer
and expanding circles has important sociolinguistic and
psycholinguistic implications. At the sociolinguistic level,
the spread of English has important implications regarding
the ownership of English and the varieties of English. The
spreadof English as alínguafranca threatens the traditional
ownership of English as a property of native speakers. At
the same time, new non-native varieties of English (Indian
English, Nigerian English, etc) have been developed as the
result of the contact between English and other languages
in different parts of the world. Furthermore, the contact
between English and other languages and the spread of
English also has implications at the psycholinguistic level.
English is being leamed by many individuals not only as
a second language but also as a third or fourth language
and in many cases English is one of the languages in the
multilingual's linguistic repertoire. traducir
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