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Respuestas
América Latina y Caribe conforman la segunda región más propensa a desastres naturales
Desde el 2000, 152 millones de latinoamericanos y caribeños han sido afectados por 1205 desastres como, inundaciones, huracanes y tormentas, terremotos, sequías, aludes, incendios, según un informe de la ONU.
Latin America and the Caribbean are the second most prone to natural disasters
Since 2000, 152 million Latin Americans and Caribbean people have been affected by 1,205 disasters such as floods, hurricanes and storms, earthquakes, droughts, landslides, fires, according to a UN report.
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Es de un terremoto
A 32-year slow-motion earthquake, the slowest ever recorded, eventually led to the catastrophic Sumatra earthquake of 1861. Researchers at Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (NTU Singapore) believe their study highlights possible unnoticed factors or the error in global earthquake risk assessments today.
Slow motion earthquakes or slow slip events refer to a type of prolonged stress release phenomenon in which the Earth's tectonic plates slide against each other without causing great shaking or destruction of the ground. They generally involve movements of a few inches per year to inches per day.
The NTU team made the surprise discovery while studying historical sea levels using ancient corals called microatolls on Simeulue Island, located off the coast of Sumatra. Growing both sideways and upward, disk-shaped coral microatolls are natural recorders of changes in sea level and land elevation, through their visible growth patterns, reports the NTY in a statement.
Sumatra suffered several earthquakes, but the one in 1861 was the culmination of a slow earthquake that lasted 32 years, according to scientists.
Sumatra suffered several earthquakes, but the one in 1861 was the culmination of a slow earthquake that lasted 32 years, according to scientists.
The Why Files
Using data from microatolons and combining them with simulations of the motion of Earth's tectonic plates, the NTU team discovered that from 1829 until the Sumatra earthquake in 1861, the southeast of Simeulue Island was sinking faster than expected in the sea.
This slow slip event was a gradual process that eased tension in the shallow region where two tectonic plates met, the NTU team said. However, this stress was transferred to a deeper neighboring segment, culminating in the 8.5 magnitude earthquake and tsunami in 1861, which caused enormous damage and loss of life.
The discovery marks the longest slow-slip event ever recorded and will change global perspectives on the time-lapse and mechanisms of the phenomenon, says the NTU team. Scientists previously believed that slow-slip events take place only for hours or months, but NTU's research shows that they could, in fact, continue for decades without triggering the disastrous tremors and tsunamis seen in historical records.
NTU Professor Aron Meltzner Collects Microatoll Samples Off Simeulue Island
NTU Professor Aron Meltzner Collects Microatoll Samples Off Simeulue Island
NTU
The findings, published in the scientific journal Nature Geoscience in May, led the authors to suggest that current earthquake risk assessments may be missing ongoing slow-slip events in the observations and therefore not considering adequately the potential for slow slip events. to trigger future earthquakes and tsunamis.
Located far from the ground under miles of water, the shallow part of the subduction zone is typically quieter and doesn't produce as many earthquakes. Its distant location also makes it difficult for ground-based science instruments to detect activity and for scientists to understand what is happening.
Therefore, many scientists tended to interpret the "tranquility" of the shallow part of the subduction zone to mean that the tectonic plates below are steadily and harmlessly slipping. Although this could be correct in some cases, the NTU study found that this slip is not as constant as assumed and can occur in slow slip events.
Drawing on their methodology in the investigation, the NTU team also highlighted a possible prolonged slow slip event on Enggano Island, Indonesia, located about 100 kilometers southwest of Sumatra.