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The digestive system is the set of organs in charge of the digestion process, that is, the transformation of food so that it can be absorbed and used by the body's cells. digestive juices, nutrient absorption and waste excretion through the defecation process. The digestion process consists of transforming the carbohydrates, lipids and proteins contained in food into simpler units, thanks to digestive enzymes, so that they can be absorbed and transported by the blood.
The digestive tract is approximately eleven meters long, begins in the oral cavity and ends in the anus. In the mouth, digestion itself begins, the teeth grind the food and the secretions of the salivary glands moisten it and begin its chemical decomposition, transforming into the food bolus. Later, the food bolus crosses the pharynx, continues through the esophagus and reaches the stomach, a muscular bag with a capacity of liters and a half whose mucosa secretes the powerful gastric juice. In the stomach the food is agitated until it becomes chyme.
At the exit of the stomach is the small intestine that is six meters long and is very folded in on itself. In its first portion or duodenum, it receives secretions from the intestinal glands, bile from the gallbladder, and juices from the pancreas. All these secretions contain a large amount of enzymes that break down food and transform it into simple soluble substances such as amino acids. The digestive tract continues through the large intestine, just over a meter and a half long. Its final portion is the rectum, which ends in the anus, where the indigestible remains of food are evacuated to the outside.
Layers of the digestive tract
1. Mucosa
2. Lamina propria of the mucosa
3. Muscularis mucosae
4. Lumen
5. Lymphatic tissue
6. Duct of the gland.
7. Gland in mucosa
8. Submucosa
9. Gland in submucosa
10. Meissner's submucosal plexus
11. Vein
12. Circular muscle
13. Longitudinal muscle
14. Areolar connective tissue
15. Epithelium
16. Auerbach's myenteric plexus
17. Nerve
18. Artery
19. Mesentery
The digestive system is made up of the digestive tract and its attached glands (salivary glands, liver, and pancreas). The digestive tract proceeds embryologically from the endoderm, like the respiratory system, and presents a prototypical systematization, beginning in the mouth and extending to the anus. Its length in man is 10 to 12 meters, being six or seven times the total length of the body. On its way along the trunk, it runs in front of the spine. It begins on the face, runs down the neck, and passes through the three major cavities of the body: thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic. In the neck it is related to the respiratory tract, in the thorax it is located in the posterior mediastinum between the two lungs and the heart, and in the abdomen and pelvis it is related to the different organs of the genitourinary system.