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Respuesta:
El artículo explora una serie de conflictos ocurridos en la ciudad altoperuana de La Plata, sede de la audiencia de Charcas, a fines del siglo XVIII. La Plata experimentó durante los años que siguieron a los grandes levantamientos tupamaristas un conjunto de acontecimientos que pusieron en escena formas de identidad colectiva y mecanismos de representación política que cuestionaron tanto las jerarquías sociales vigentes como el estatuto de la relación entre la ciudad y la monarquía hispánica. Dos motines populares, reiterados Cabildos Abiertos, numerosos petitorios colectivos del patriciado y la plebe urbana y virulentas disputas en el seno de las elites gobernantes fueron algunas de las manifestaciones de este clima de agitación política y de transformaciones sociales con profundas y duraderas derivaciones. Argumentamos que las elites urbanas y la plebe, quienes habían forjado importantes experiencias comunes durante la defensa de la ciudad frente a la insurgencia indígena, comenzaron a reconocerse como parte de una comunidad política distintiva en relación a otras dos entidades: los sectores asociados a las políticas del estado colonial, crecientemente percibido como un agente directo de los intereses metropolitanos, y los pueblos andinos, cuya condición de salvajes, su alteridad radical, quedaría marcada de manera indeleble en la conciencia de la población no indígena a partir de la insurrección general. Mientras la génesis de las tempranas expresiones de patriotismo criollo ha sido por lo general abordada desde la óptica de la historia de las ideas, nos proponemos hacerlo aquí a través del estudio de prácticas y acciones colectivas. /// The article explores a series of political conflicts that took place in the Upper Peruvian city of La Plata (present-day Sucre) in the aftermath of the tupamarista insurrections of the early 1780s. These conflicts put into play forms of collective identity and political representation that called into question established social hierarchies and the relationship between the city and the Spanish monarchy. Two popular revolts, recurring cabildos abiertos (town council meetings), numerous petitions of both patrician and popular groups, and virulent disputes within the ranks of the ruling elites were some of the manifestations of this climate of political upheaval and social change. This process would have profound and enduring reverberations in the years to come. This essay argues that the urban patriciate and plebe, which had forged strong bonds of solidarity during the resistance to the rebel forces, began to recognize themselves as part of distinctive political community. This community stood in opposition to two other entities: those sectors linked to the colonial government, increasingly viewed as a direct agent of metropolitan interests, and the Andean peoples, whose savegry and utter alterity would be indelibly marked in the consciousness of the hispanic groups ever since the great indigenous rebellions. Whereas the origin of the early expressions of creole patriotism has been mostly analyzed from the standpoint of the history of ideas, this study seeks to do it through the reconstruction of collective actions and practices.
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The Journal was formally created at the end of 1960, together with the foundation of the Institute for Economic and Social Development (Instituto de Desarrollo Económico y Social, IDES). IDES is a nonprofit civil association founded by a group of researchers and scholars. With time, the journal had gradually taken a multidisciplinary character, and besides being at the service of university chairs it became a qualified means of communication among the most prominent scholars of Argentina, Latin America and the rest of the world -mainly the Spanish-speaking world.
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Instituto de Desarrollo Económico y Social, IDES, is a nonprofit civil association founded by a group of researchers and scholars from the schools of philosophy and literature (facultades de Filosofía y Letras) and the schools of Economics (facultades de Economía) belonging to several institutions, such as the Buenos Aires University (Universidad de Buenos Aires), the Argentine Catholic University (Universidad Católica Argentina), the National University of Córdoba (Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), the Torcuato Di Tella Institute (Instituto Torcuato Di Tella), and the Federal Council for Investments (Consejo Federal de Inversiones).
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