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Identify each immune response as first line (1st), second line (2nd) or third line (3rd) of defense. 1. macrophage7. mucus13. plasma cell2. cytotoxic T lymphocyte8. helper T cell14. fever3. antibody9. natural killer cell15. skin4. nose hairs10. phagocyte16. inflammation5. memory B cell11. lysozymes 17. cytokine6. histamine12. macrophage w/ antigen18. stomach acid Identify each immune response as either specific defense (S) or non-specific defense (N). 19. macrophage display antigen “badge”20. phagocytes consume damaged cells21. lysozymes in sweat prevent bacteria from growing on skin22. natural killer cell recognize virus-infected cells23. memory T cells patrol body to quickly kill future infections 24. antibodies mark antigen & neutralize pathogen 25. histamine release causes an increase of blood at injury site26. mucus traps any foreign material from entering nasal cavity27. cytokines signal B & T cell production28. plasma B cells are cloned29. cytotoxic T lymphocytes kill infected cells30. fever slows the spread of pathogenIdentify each immune response as either humoral (H) or cellular (C). 31. release of histamine causes itching & sneezing32. macrophage presents antigen to the matching receptor on helper T cell33. memory B cells 34. cytotoxic T lymphocytes kill infected cells35. pathogen is neutralized36. plasma B cells are cloned37. antibodies mark pathogen’s antigens38. cytokines signal B & T cell production
Use this word bank to fill in the blanks in the following paragraphs. allergy cellular inflammatory non-specific antibodies chemical lymphocytes pathogen humoral cytokines macrophage physical antigen  cytotoxic T lymphocytes macrophages plasma B antigen fever memory specific B cell helper T natural killer cells vaccine B cells histamine neutralize viruses bacteria infection white bloodA disease-causing agent known as a(n) 1.__________ invades your body and causes a(n) 2.____________. Your body has three lines of defense. The first line are the 3._________ barriers such as skin, hair and mucus, and the 4.____________ barriers such as sweat and tears, all of which keep germs from entering your body. These defenses are considered 5._________________because they do not distinguish one invader from another.Your body’s second line of defense includes non-specific 6.___________ cells, also called 7.___________, that attack the invaders. The cells that attack by eating the germs are called 8.______________ . The cells that destroy the infected cells are called 9.________________. The second line also includes the 10.____________ response, which releases chemical signals called 11.____________. This causes redness, swelling, and pain at the injury site. If the invader spreads throughout your blood, your body reacts by creating a(n) 12.__________, which stops it from growing by denaturing its proteins with heat.The third line of defense is considered 13.____________ because it is customized. This includes the 14.______________ immune response that involve the B cells, whose job is to stop 15._____________ and 16.________ from spreading. A 17.__________ is triggered to divide and clone 18._____________ cells when it recognizes the germ by it’s surface protein, the 19. ___________. These cells, in turn, produce large numbers of 20._____________ that get released throughout the body to 21.________________ the invaders.The 22.______________ immune response involves the T cells and relies on the 23._____________ cell to recognize the 24.___________ that is worn on the surface of the 25.________________ after it devours an invader. This triggers the release of a chemical called 26.____________ , which signals the 27._____________ to immobilize the invaders and the 28._________________________________ to kill the body’s infected cells.Once the body has gotten rid of the germs, 29.______________ cells patrol the body which allows it to have resistance to that particular germ if it should meet up with it again. Humans use this knowledge to build immunity against some diseases by injecting themselves with dead or weakened microbes called a(n) 30._______________. Sometimes, the body can develop a(n) 31._______________ when it makes the wrong antibodies and ends up with a hypersensitive response.

Answer 1

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