Respuestas
Respuesta:
The state or phase of a given set of matter can change depending on pressure and temperature conditions, transitioning to other phases as these conditions change to favor their existence; for example, solid transitions to liquid with an increase in temperature. Near absolute zero, a substance exists as a solid.
Respuesta:
Because molecules are made up of electrically attracted atoms in different ways, sometimes they share their electrons and sometimes they “stick” by attraction; This means that the molecules have different spatial geometric shapes and consequently considerable electrical differences, since some have areas with an abundance of electrons (negative) and areas with their defect (positive), thus forming the so-called permanent electric dipoles that will promote the molecular approach. . Other molecules have their electron cloud symmetric with respect to the atomic nuclei so that they will not present dipoles and will not attract each other. A substance is made up of millions and millions of molecules, if they are bipolar the positive part will attract the negative and vice versa. The more attraction there is between them, the greater the tendency to be together in space, but if despite the attraction, they can move with some ease, the state in which that matter will present itself will be liquid.
If the attraction is so strong that the molecules occupy fixed places in space as if they were at the vertices of geometric bodies and mobility is very poor because they only vibrate in a fixed place, we will be facing a solid substance. The molecules, which have a symmetrical electron cloud, are relatively small, they will not present dipoles, the attraction between them is practically non-existent so that they can move freely in space and they will expand occupying the place to the maximum. That substance is a gas. Why can the same substance on our planet be found in all three states? The best known example is that of water, which we find as liquid, as ice and as vapor. The state of a substance depends not only on molecular geometry but also on the influence of atmospheric pressure and temperature. Conditions external to the molecule often intensify the bipolar properties because they affect the electron cloud and molecular motion. Low temperature and high pressure can polarize the molecular electron cloud even in symmetric molecules, for this reason gases can be liquefied. When the pressure increases, the attraction is favored, the molecules get closer to each other, and they attract each other more easily, this generates a tendency to the liquid or solid state depending on the temperature. When the temperature drops, the cold causes the molecules to have less energy and less movement that favors the attraction and the tendency to the solid state. Water between 0ºC and 100ºC appears as a liquid, but once placed in the refrigerator, when it reaches 0ºC (melting point) it will solidify and remain solid at temperatures below 0ºC, its molecules will occupy fixed places in the space, they will be strongly attracted and will have its own shape and volume. After 100ºC it will reach the necessary energy to pass to the gaseous state. The curious thing is that even at room temperature in the air that surrounds us there is a small percentage of gaseous water formed by those molecules that reached enough energy to evaporate from the surface of the liquid masses of the planet, and by the water given off from the processes. metabolic factors of the biome.
Explicación:
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