Respuestas
Answer: A little sneak peek: Don't tell your kids they're smart. More than three decades of research shows that a focus on "process" not intelligence (or skills) is the key to success in school and in life.
The chance of defeat
As a psychology graduate student at Yale University in the 1960s, I began to investigate the fundamentals of human motivation, and how people persevere after life's setbacks. Animal experiments by psychologists Martin Seligman, Steven Maier, and Richard Solomon, at the University of Pennsylvania, had shown that after repeated failures, most animals come to the conclusion that the situation is impossible and beyond their control. After this experience, the researchers found that the animal often remains passive, even when it can generate a change, a state that they called learned helplessness.
Two points of view of what Intelligence is
Praise should be for the specific process a child uses to achieve something, this builds children's motivation and confidence, focusing on actions that lead to success. Such praise for the process may involve praising effort, strategies, focus, persistence when faced with difficulty, and willingness to take on challenges.
The following are examples of this type of communication:
You did a good job drawing! I like the detail that you have given people's faces!
You really studied for your social studies exam! You read the material several times, underlined it, and rehearsed it. All of that really worked for you!
I like the way you've tried a bunch of different strategies with that math problem until you finally got it.
That one class was quite difficult, but you kept studying until you understood. You stayed at your desk studying, you stayed focused for a long time. That's great!
I like that you took that project, it was a challenge for her science class. It will take a lot of work to do that research, designing the apparatus, making its parts and building it. You are going to learn a lot of amazing things.
This is difficult, this is fun !!
Oh sorry, this was too easy not much fun. We are going to do something more difficult so that we can learn.
Now we are all going to talk about what we have had problems with and what we learned from it. I will speak first.
The bugs are so interesting. Here is a wonderful mistake.
Let's see what we can learn from it.