Question

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Answer 1

The history of mathematics is the area of ​​study of investigations into the origins of discoveries in mathematics, of the methods of the evolution of its concepts and also to a certain degree, of the mathematicians involved. The emergence of mathematics in human history is closely related to the development of the concept of number, a process that occurred very gradually in primitive human communities. Although they had a certain ability to estimate sizes and magnitudes, they did not initially have a notion of number. Thus, numbers beyond two or three had no name, so they used an expression equivalent to "many" to refer to a larger set.1

The next step in this development is the appearance of something close to a concept of number, although very basic, not yet as an abstract entity, but as a property or attribute of a specific set.1 Later, the advance in the complexity of the social structure and its relationships was reflected in the development of mathematics. The problems to be solved became more difficult and it was no longer enough, as in primitive communities, just to count things and communicate the cardinality of the counted set to others, but it became crucial to count ever larger sets, quantify time, operate with dates, making it possible to calculate equivalences for barter. It is time for the emergence of numerical names and symbols.1

Before the modern age and the spread of knowledge throughout the world, written examples of new mathematical developments came to light only in a few settings. The earliest mathematical texts available are the Plimpton 322 clay tablet (c. 1900 BC), the Moscow papyrus (c. 1850 BC), the Rhind papyrus (c. 1650 BC). and the Vedic texts Shulba Sutras (c. 800 BC).

Traditionally it has been considered that mathematics, as a science, arose in order to make calculations in commerce, to measure the Earth and to predict astronomical events. These three needs may be related in some way to the broad subdivision of mathematics in the study of structure, space, and change. [Citation needed]