Respuestas
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The hypothesis that eukaryotic cells evolved from a symbiotic association of prokaryotes (endosymbiosis) is particularly well supported by studies of mitochondria and chloroplasts, which are believed to have evolved from bacteria living in large cells. Both mitochondria and chloroplasts are similar in size to bacteria and, like bacteria, reproduce by dividing into two. Most importantly, both mitochondria and chloroplasts contain their own DNA, which encodes some of its components. Mitochondrial and chloroplast DNAs replicate each time the organelle divides, and the genes they encode are transcribed into the organelle and translated into the organelle ribosomes. Mitochondria and chloroplasts contain their own genetic systems, which are different from nuclear genome of the cell. Furthermore, the ribosomes and ribosomal RNAs of these organelles are more closely related to those of bacteria than to those encoded by the nuclear genomes of eukaryotes.
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Respuesta:
Eukaryotic cells probably evolved 2 billion years ago. Its evolution is explained in endosymbiotic theory. Mitochondria and chloroplasts evolved from prokaryotic organisms.
Explicación: