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An incandescent lamp (also called according to the countries bulb, light bulb, light bulb, spotlight, lamp, nightlight, small lamp or bulb) is a device that produces light by heating by the Joule effect of a metallic filament, specifically tungsten, to put it to white red, through the passage of electric current. With the existing technology, it is currently considered inefficient, since 80% of the electricity it consumes transforms it into heat and only the remaining 20% into light.
History
Main article: History of the incandescent lamp.
Joseph Wilson Swan received the British patent for his device in 1879, about a year before Thomas Alva Edison. Swan reported the success to the Newcastle Chemical Society, and at a conference in February 1879, he showed a working lamp. At the beginning of that year he started installing light bulbs in homes and signs in England. In 1881 he created his own company, The Swan Electric Light Company, and began commercial production. Thomas Alva Edison was the first to patent a carbon filament incandescent light bulb, viable outside the laboratory, that is, commercially viable.1 2 He patented it on January 27, 1880 (# 285,898).
Previously, other inventors had developed laboratory-working models, including Henry Woodward, Mathew Evans, James Bowman Lindsay, William Sawyer, and Warren de la Rue.
German Heinrich Göbel had registered his own incandescent lamp in 1855, and on July 11, 1874, Russian engineer Aleksandr Lodygin was granted patent # 1619 for an incandescent lamp. The Russian inventor used a carbon filament. Subsequently, Edison's improvements allowed the incandescent lamp to last longer.
The light bulb is one of the inventions most used by man since its creation to date. According to a list in Life magazine, it is the second most useful invention of the 19th century. [Citation needed] The commercialization of the light bulb by Edison's company was plagued by patent disputes with its competitors.3
In 2009, a European Union Directive set a deadline for member states to stop manufacturing and marketing incandescent lamps. On September 1, 2009, the manufacture and distribution of lamps with a power equal to or greater than 100 W was prohibited, and on September 1, 2010, the 75 W light bulbs. One year later, on September 1, 2011, the 60 light bulbs W and finally on September 1, 2012 the 40 and 25 W bulbs were removed.4 Incandescent bulbs are being replaced by more efficient options such as compact fluorescent bulbs and those based on led technology.
In the Livermore fire station (California) there is an incandescent light bulb that has been on since 1901,5, which means that in 2014 its useful life has reached 989,880 hours.
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