Respuestas
Benito Juarez
Son of Marcelino Juárez and Brígida García, indigenous couple of humble condition, Benito Juárez was orphaned as a child and completed his first studies in his native town. He was twenty years old when he entered the Oaxaca Institute of Sciences, where he graduated in law. His concern for social reality and in particular for the situation of the peasants led him to adhere to the liberal ideals that had been spreading throughout America since the French Revolution and to actively participate in politics.
In 1831 Benito Juárez was elected alderman of the city of Oaxaca and, a year later, deputy to the State Congress. This was the first step in an activity that would lead him to become the nation's top president, although to do so he had to move up the political ladder slowly, overcome difficulties without count, suffer exile, suffer jail, lead a civil war and attract the wrath of numerous enemies. The energy with which he defended the interests he represented earned him in 1846 to be deputy for Oaxaca before the Congress of the Union. A year later he was appointed Governor of his native state, a position in which he remained until 1852.
His opposition to the Guadalupe-Hidalgo treaty, by which Mexico lost vast areas of its territory in favor of the United States, found a channel in the liberal ranks and in the defense of a federalist project. However, the conservatives once again managed to seize power in 1853, led by General Antonio López de Santa Anna, and Juárez was forced into exile in Cuba.
After two years he returned and joined the Ayutla plan, whose signatories included Generals Villarreal, Comonfort and Álvarez. When the pronouncement triumphed, he was appointed State Councilor and, under the presidency of Ignacio Comonfort (1855-1857), Minister of Justice. As such, it enacted a series of laws that restored the liberties of education, printing, and work and nullified the prerogatives of the clergy and the army.
The last mandates
With the country impoverished and disunited, he was reelected for the seventh time in August 1867. Juárez restored the Federal Republic and gave effect to the laws of Reform. But the last five years of his political life would be marked by revolts and conflicts of all kinds. On the one hand, outbreaks of banditry and revolutionary guerrilla groups were proliferating in Mexico, and on the other the constitutional system, which had been imposed after arduous struggles against the powerful forces of the reaction, was beginning to discredit itself in the face of accusations of electoral fraud. To fill the glass, the president initiated unpopular reforms in order to accumulate in his hands a greater executive power.
This fact and the fear that he would seek to perpetuate himself in office motivated the reaction within his own party. Porfirio Díaz, whose name summarizes the following chapter in the history of Mexico, went to the opposition, after having stood out as a military victor in the war against Maximiliano, and in 1871 Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada, Juárez's main collaborator in politics interior, he did not accept to stand for election and founded the lerdista party. During that year the president also had to put down various uprisings, such as those of Treviño and Naranjo, exhausting his already emaciated forces in this strenuous company.
Despite the economic difficulties, the hostility of Congress and numerous pronouncements, on December 1, 1871, Juárez again assumed the presidency before the Congress of Deputies, and there he reiterated his faith in legality with his usual energy. But the winds of history were already turning towards other courses. Porfirio Díaz harangued his supporters against Juárez, accusing him of being a dictator and launching a revolt inspired by the so-called Plan de la Noria, whose most significant proposal was the prohibition on presidents being re-elected. Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada allied himself with Porfirio Díaz and together they rose up against Juárez.
Despite the fact that Juárez also survived this last volley of his political enemies, suppressing the uprising was his last public act, because with secret stoicism of the Zapotec indigenous he had been enduring, for a long time, a prolonged series of cardiac deaths that finally led him to the grave on July 18, 1872. After his death Congress declared him Meritorious of the Homeland and of the Americas.
espero y le sirva
Benito Juarez
Son of Marcelino Juárez and Brígida García, indigenous couple of humble condition, Benito Juárez was orphaned as a child and completed his first studies in his native town. He was twenty years old when he entered the Oaxaca Institute of Sciences, where he graduated in law. His concern for social reality and in particular for the situation of the peasants led him to adhere to the liberal ideals that had been spreading throughout America since the French Revolution and to actively participate in politics.
In 1831 Benito Juárez was elected alderman of the city of Oaxaca and, a year later, deputy to the State Congress. This was the first step in an activity that would lead him to become the nation's top president, although to do so he had to move up the political ladder slowly, overcome difficulties without count, suffer exile, suffer jail, lead a civil war and attract the wrath of numerous enemies. The energy with which he defended the interests he represented earned him in 1846 to be deputy for Oaxaca before the Congress of the Union. A year later he was appointed Governor of his native state, a position in which he remained until 1852.
His opposition to the Guadalupe-Hidalgo treaty, by which Mexico lost vast areas of its territory in favor of the United States, found a channel in the liberal ranks and in the defense of a federalist project. However, the conservatives once again managed to seize power in 1853, led by General Antonio López de Santa Anna, and Juárez was forced into exile in Cuba.
After two years he returned and joined the Ayutla plan, whose signatories included Generals Villarreal, Comonfort and Álvarez. When the pronouncement triumphed, he was appointed State Councilor and, under the presidency of Ignacio Comonfort (1855-1857), Minister of Justice. As such, it enacted a series of laws that restored the liberties of education, printing, and work and nullified the prerogatives of the clergy and the army.
The last mandates
With the country impoverished and disunited, he was reelected for the seventh time in August 1867. Juárez restored the Federal Republic and gave effect to the laws of Reform. But the last five years of his political life would be marked by revolts and conflicts of all kinds. On the one hand, outbreaks of banditry and revolutionary guerrilla groups were proliferating in Mexico, and on the other the constitutional system, which had been imposed after arduous struggles against the powerful forces of the reaction, was beginning to discredit itself in the face of accusations of electoral fraud. To fill the glass, the president initiated unpopular reforms in order to accumulate in his hands a greater executive power.
This fact and the fear that he would seek to perpetuate himself in office motivated the reaction within his own party. Porfirio Díaz, whose name summarizes the following chapter in the history of Mexico, went to the opposition, after having stood out as a military victor in the war against Maximiliano, and in 1871 Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada, Juárez's main collaborator in politics interior, he did not accept to stand for election and founded the lerdista party. During that year the president also had to put down various uprisings, such as those of Treviño and Naranjo, exhausting his already emaciated forces in this strenuous company.
Despite the economic difficulties, the hostility of Congress and numerous pronouncements, on December 1, 1871, Juárez again assumed the presidency before the Congress of Deputies, and there he reiterated his faith in legality with his usual energy. But the winds of history were already turning towards other courses. Porfirio Díaz harangued his supporters against Juárez, accusing him of being a dictator and launching a revolt inspired by the so-called Plan de la Noria, whose most significant proposal was the prohibition on presidents being re-elected. Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada allied himself with Porfirio Díaz and together they rose up against Juárez.
Despite the fact that Juárez also survived this last volley of his political enemies, suppressing the uprising was his last public act, because with secret stoicism of the Zapotec indigenous he had been enduring, for a long time, a prolonged series of cardiac deaths that finally led him to the grave on July 18, 1872. After his death Congress declared him Meritorious of the Homeland and of the Americas.
espero y le sirva
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