Question

Competition and predation are the most heavily investigated species interactions in ecology,dominating studies of species diversity maintenance. However, these two interactions are mostcommonly viewed highly asymmetrically. Competition for resources is seen as the primaryinteraction limiting diversity, with predation modifying what competition does, althoughtheoretical models have long supported diverse views. Here we show, using a comprehensivethree-trophic-level model, that competition and predation should be viewed symmetrically: thesetwo interactions are equally able to either limit or promote diversity. Diversity maintenancerequires within-species density feedback loops to be stronger than between-species feedbackloops. We quantify the contributions of predation and competition to these loops in a simple,interpretable form, showing their equivalent potential to strengthen or weaken diversitymaintenance. Moreover, we show that competition and predation can undermine each other, withthe tendency of the stronger interaction to promote or limit diversity prevailing. The past failureto appreciate the symmetrical effects and interactions of competition and predation has undulyrestricted diversity maintenance studies. A multitrophic perspective should be adopted toexamine a greater variety of possible effects of predation than generally considered in the past. Conservation and management strategies need to be much more concerned with the implicationsof changes in the strengths of trophic interactions.P. Chesson & J. J. Kuang. The Interaction between predation and CompetitionMultitrophic perspective studies allow to:A) take a stand on the possible impact of predationB) study how to maintain diversity restrictionC) have a perspective of predation and its studiesD) examine a higher variety of possible effects in predation

#Exani II

Answer 1

The Interaction Between Predation and Competition.

The Interaction between predation and Competition Multitrophic perspective studies allow to:

• (Opción D) Examine a higher variety of possible effects in predation.

Presente continuo.

Es un tiempo verbal en que se comunica la acción qué está haciendo el sujeto en el momento; este tiempo verbal responde a la pregunta: ¿qué estás haciendo? Las oraciones en presente continuo se construyen con la siguiente fórmula.

• Fórmula: Pronombre personal + verbo to be + verbo con -ing + complemento.