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New Mexico (in English, New Mexico) is one of the fifty states that make up the United States of America. Its capital is Santa Fe and its most populous city, Albuquerque.
It is located in the western region of the country, Rocky Mountains division. It borders to the north with Colorado, to the northeast with Oklahoma, to the east and southeast with Texas, to the southwest with Chihuahua (Mexico), to the west with Arizona and to the northwest with Utah. With 314 915 km² it is the fifth largest state - behind Alaska, Texas, California and Montana - and with 6.54 hab / km², the sixth least densely populated, ahead of South Dakota, North Dakota, Montana, Wyoming and Alaska, the least densely populated. It was the forty-seventh state to be admitted to the Union, on January 6, 1912, as the 47th state, ahead of Arizona, Alaska and Hawaii, the last state to be admitted.
Inhabited by Native Americans since thousands of years before the European Exploration, it was colonized by the Spanish in 1598 and annexed to the Viceroyalty of New Spain. Later, it was part of independent Mexico until it became American territory and, eventually, a state, as a result of the Mexican-American war. It has the highest percentage of Hispanics, including the descendants of Spanish colonizers. It has the second highest percentage of Native Americans as a proportion to the population after Alaska and the fourth largest population of Native Americans after California, Oklahoma and Arizona. The largest Native American nations are the Navajo, Pueblo and Apache. The demography and culture of the state are strongly influenced by these Hispanic and Native American roots, expressed in the state flag. The scarlet and yellow colors of it were taken from the royal banners of Spain, next to the ancient symbol of the Sun of the Zia, a Pueblo tribe.
The Spanish explorers registered this region as New Mexico in 1563 and again in 1581, when they incorrectly believed that it contained rich and diverse cultures related to the Mexica, of the Aztec Empire. The name remained, even when the area had no connection to the Mexican Empire or its culture.