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Francisco Bolognesi Cervantes (Lima, Viceroyalty of Peru, November 4, 1816 - Arica, Peru, June 7, 1880), was a Peruvian military who participated in the War of the Pacific, or more properly, the Guano War and the Saltpeter. With the rank of colonel, he defended the Plaza de Arica facing the Chilean forces far superior in number and power; and after making the promise to fight "until the last cartridge was burned," he succumbed during the final battle. He is considered National Hero of Peru. He was declared Patron of the Army of Peru by the government of Peru on January 2, 1951 (General Order of the Army of 1959) and elevated to the rank of Grand Marshal of Peru by Law No. 25 128 of November 30, 1989.
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