Respuestas
1. A. H3PO4 b. Al(OH)3
H: 3 x 1 = 3 g/mol Al: 1 x 27 = 27 g/mol
P: 1 x 31 = 31 g/mol O: 3 x 16 = 48 g/mol
O: 4 x 16 = 64 g/mol H: 3 x 1 = 3 g/mol
````````````````````````````````` ``````````````````````````````
Mm = 98 g/mol Mm = 78 g/mol
c. CH3C6H5 d. NaCl
C: 7 x 12 = 84 g/mol Na: 1 x 23 = 23 g/mol
H: 8 x 1 = 8 g/mol Cl: 1 x 35.45 = 35.45 g/mol
``````````````````````````````` ````````````````````````````````````
Mm = 92 g/mol Mm = 58.45 g/mol
e. Pb3(PO4)4 f. H2O
Pb: 3 x 207 = 621 g/mol H: 2 x 1 = 2 g/mol
P: 4 x 31 = 124 g/mol O: 1 x 16 = 16 g/mol
O: 16 x 16 = 256 g/mol ````````````````````````````````````````
````````````````````````````````````````````````````````` Mm 0 18 g/mol
Mm = 1001 g/mol
g. KMnO4 h. (NH4)2S
K: 1 x 39 = 39 g/mol N: 2 x 14 = 28 g/mol
Mn: 1 x 55 = 55 g/mol H: 8 x 1 = 8 g/mol
O: 4 x 16 = 64 g/mol S: 1 x 32 = 32 g/mol
`````````````````````````````````````````````` ````````````````````````````````````````````````
Mm = 158 g/mol Mm = 68 g/mol
2. Mm NaCl = 58.45 g/mol masa = 200 g
1. calcular moles ( n = m/Mm)
n = 200 g / 58.45 g/mol = 3.422 moles
2. calcular moléculas
1 mol ----- 6.022 x 10²³ moléculas
3.422 mol ----- x
x = 2.0607 x 10²⁴ moléculas
3. Mm KMnO4 = 158 g/mol
n = 0.24 moles
n = masa/Mm
masa = 0.24 mol x 158 g/mol
masa = 37.92 g de KMnO4
4. moléculas: 3.0 x 10²⁴ moléculas
Mm Pb3(PO4)4 = 1001 g/mol
a. calcular moles
1 mol ---- 6.022 x 10²³ moléculas
x -----3.0 x 10²⁴ moléculs
x = 4.982 moles
b. calcular masa de la muestra
n = masa/Mm
masa = 4.982 mol x 1001 g/mol
masa = 4986982 g
5.
AGUA:
a. masa de agua = 50 g Mm = 18 g/mol
n = 50 g / 18 g/mol = 2.778 moles de agua
b. calcular moléculas
1 mol ---- 6.022 x 10²³ moléculas
2.778 mol ---- x
x = 1.673 x 10²⁴ moléculas de agua
c. áátomos de cada elemento
átomos H: 2 x 1.673 x 10²⁴ = 3.3458 x 10²⁴
átomos O: 1 x 1.673 x 10²⁴ = 1.673 x 10²⁴
TOLUENO
m = 50 gramos de tolueno
Mm = Mm = 92 g/mol
n = 50 g / 92 g/mol = 0.543 moles de tolueno
b. calcular moléculas
1 mol ---- 6.022 x 10²³ moléculas
0.543 mol ---- x
x = 3.2699 x 10²³ moléculas de tolueno
c. áatomos de cada elemento
átomos C: 7 x 3.2699 x 10²³ =2.288 x 10²⁴
átomos H: 8 x 3.2699 x 10²³ = 2.616 x 10²⁴
SULFURO DE AMONIO (NH4)2S
Mm = 68 g/mol
n = 50 g / 68 g/mol = 0.735 moles
b. calcular moléculas
1 mol ---- 6.022 x 10²³ moléculas
0.735 mol ---- x
x = 4.43 x 10²³ moléculas
c. áatomos de cada elemento
átomos N: 2 x 4.43 x 10²³ = 8.86 x 10²³
átomos H: 8 x 4.43 x 10²³ = 3.544 x 10²⁴
átomos S: 1 x 4.43 x 10²³ = 4.43 x 10²³
6. Mm CO2 = 44 g/mol
masa = 15 mol x 44 g/mol
masa = 660 g CO2
7. m = 500 g de agua
Mm agua = 18 g/mol
n = 500 g / 18 g/mol
n = 27.778 moles de agua
8. a. HClO3 + NaOH →NaClO3 + H2O
b. 2 HNO3 + Ca(OH)2 → Ca(NO3)2 + 2 H2O
c. H2 + F2 →2 HF
d. 2 Al + 3 H2SO4 → Al2(SO4)3 + 3 H2
e. 2 NaHCO3 →Na2CO3 + H2O + CO2
f. P4O10 + 6H2O → 4H3PO4
g. CaCO3 + 2 HCl →CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O
h. 2C8H18 + 25 O2 → 16 CO2 + 18 H2O
i. 8HNO3 + 3 Cu →3 Cu(NO3)2 + 4 H2O + 2 NO
j. 6 HNO3 + S → H2SO4 + 6 NO2 + 2 H2O
9.
2 NaN3 → 2 Na + 3 N2
mol N2 = 6.3 mol NaN3 x 3 mol N2
````````````````````
2 mol NaN3
mol = 9.45 de N2
1A) 3+31+16×4
3+31+64=98
1B) 27+3(16+1)
27+51=78
1C) 12×7+8=92
1D) 23+35=58
1E) 207×3+4(31+4×16)
207×3+4(31+64)
621+380=1001
1F) 2+16=18
1G) 39+55+16×4
39+55+64=158
1H) 2×14+8=36
2) 3,4 moles y 2,0468×10²³ partículas del compuesto.
3) 38g de la sustancia
4) Son 5 moles y se tienen 5,005kg de la sustancia.
5) Hay 2,8 moles de agua y se tienen 1,6856×10²⁴. Hay medio mol de tolueno y 3,01×10²³ partículas de este. Hay 0,7 moles de sulfuro de amonio y 4,214×10²³ partículas de este.
6) 15(12+16×2)=660
Hay 660 gramos de CO2
7) Hay 28 moles de agua
8A) Correcta
8B) 2HNO3 + Ca(OH)2 = Ca(NO3)2 + 2H2O
8C) H2 + F2 = 2HF
8D) 2Al + 3H2SO4 = Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
8E) 2NaHCO3 = Na2CO3 + H2O + CO2
8F) P4O10 + 6H2O = 4H3PO4
8G) 2HCl + CaCO3 = CaCl2 + H2O + CO2
8H) 2C8H18 + 25O2 = 16CO2 + 18H2O
8I) 8HNO3 + 3Cu = 3Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO + 4H2O
8J) S + 6HNO3 = H2SO4 + 6NO2 + 2H2O
9) Se generarán 9,45 moles de nitrógeno.